Eficacia de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca en el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular: experiencia durante el primer año en nuestro centro

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Leonor Ortega Fernández
María del Mar Abad García
María José Ferreira Diaz
María del Carmen Coria Abel
Marta Cerecedo Fernández
María Isabel Imedio Granullaque
Eva María Pereira López
Raúl Franco Gutiérrez

Resumen

Introducción y objetivos
Los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca han demostrado beneficio en la mobimortalidad cardiovascular en sujetos con cardiopatía isquémica, pero su implantación es escasa. El objetivo principal del estudio es determinar el grado de mejoría en el control de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y capacidad funcional de pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica sometidos a un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca durante el primer año de funcionamiento. Los objetivos secundarios son valorar la evolución del control de los factores de riesgo durante el programa y determinar la tasa de eventos adversos cardiovasculares.


Material y métodos
Estudio experimental, longitudinal, retrospectivo y unicéntrico de una cohorte de pacientes sometidos a un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca.


Resultados
Entre 01/12/2014 y 01/12/2015 se incluyeron 73 sujetos. Se obtuvieron descensos estadísticamente significativos de tensión arterial sistólica (1,86%), colesterol total (16,85%), triglicéridos (12,19%), LDL colesterol (26,46%) peso e índice de masa corporal (0,83%) y perímetro abdominal (2,23%) con aumento de HDL colesterol (9,80%). Un 74,1% abandonaron el hábito tabáquico, el 64,4% estaban dentro de los objetivos de LDL colesterol establecidos y se obtuvo un descenso significativo de glucemia basal en diabéticos.


Hubo mejoría de los parámetros funcionales. A excepción del peso, no hubo mejoría de los parámetros a mitad del programa. La supervivencia libre de eventos a 5 años fue de 95,9%.

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